GROWTH IN A TIME OF DEBT: AN APPLICATION TO THE EGYPTIAN ECONOMY USING THRESHOLD REGRESSION (TR) MODEL
Abstract
This paper examines Egypt’s external debt and how it impacted economic growth over the period (1970- 2020). The development of external debt and its indicators were studied and the performance of economic growth was analysed using the Threshold Regression (TR) model. This indicated that Egypt’s external debt had gotten out of hand.
The findings of this paper demonstrate that external debt has a positive impact on the economy growth in Egypt before reaching External debt stocks to GNI 42.45%, as the increase in the ratio of external debt by one unit will lead to an increase in economic growth by 0.093.
Keywords: External Debt, economic growth, Egypt
JEL Codes: F00, F34, F43
DOI: 10.37708/el.swu.v5i2.3
CITE AS: [………]
GROWTH IN A TIME OF DEBT: AN APPLICATION TO THE EGYPTIAN ECONOMY USING THRESHOLD REGRESSION (TR) MODELThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
-
Abdelaziz, H., Rim, B., & Majdi, K. (2019). External Debt, Investment, and Economic Growth: A Seemingly Unrelated Regression Model for Low-Income Countries. Journal of Economic Integration, 34(4), 725-745. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26820392
-
Abdullahi, M. M., Bakar, N. A. B. A. & Hassan, S. B. (2016). Debt Overhang versus Crowding Out Effects: Understanding the Impact of External Debts on Capital Formation in Theory. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(1), 271-278. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijefi/issue/32008/353681?publisher=http-www-cag-edu-tr-ilhan-ozturk
-
Ali, R., & Mustafa, U. (2012). External Debt Accumulation and Its Impact on Economic Growth in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 51(4), 79-95. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23734739
-
Assibey-Yeboah, M., & Mohsin, M. (2014). The real effects of inflation in a developing economy with external debt and sovereign risk. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 30, 40-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2014.07.004
-
Bakar, N. A., & Hassan, S. (2008). Empirical Evaluation On External Debt Of Malaysia. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 7(2). https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v7i2.3226
-
Barro, R. (1989). The Ricardian approach to budget deficits. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3(2), 37-54. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.3.2.37
-
Hansen, B. E. (2000). Sample splitting and threshold estimation. Econometrics, 68(3), 575-603. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0262.00124
-
Hansen, P. R., Lunde, A., & Nason, J. M. (2011). The model confidence set. Econometrica, 79(2), 453-497 https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA5771
-
Helmy, H. E. (2021). The external debt-inflation nexus in Egypgt. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(S1), e2802. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2802
-
IMF, I. M. (2003). External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, Part I: Conceptual Framework. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ed/guide.htm
-
Jayaraman, T.K. & Lau, E. (2009). Does external debt lead to economic growth in Pacific island countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 31(2), 272-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2008.05.001
-
Kharusi, S. A., & Ada, M. S. (2018). External Debt and Economic Growth: The Case of Emerging Economy. Journal of Economic Integration, 33(1), 1141–1157. https://doi.org/10.11130/jei.2018.33.1.1141
-
Krugman, P. (1988). Financing vs. forgiving a debt overhang. Journal of Development Economics, 29(3), 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(88)90044-2
-
Pattillo, C., Poirson, H., & Ricci, L.A. (2011). External debt and growth. Review of Economics and Institutions, 2(3), p. 30. Retrieved from https://rei.unipg.it/rei/article/viewFile/45/61
-
Reinhart, C.M., Reinhart, V.R., & Rogoff, K.S. (2012). Public debt overhangs: advanced-economy episodes since 1800. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(3), 69-86. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.3.69
-
Reinhart, M., & Rogoff, K. S. (2010). Growth in a time of debt. American Economic Review, 100(2), 573-78. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.2.573
-
Shkolnyk, I., & Koilo, V. (2018). The relationship between external debt and economic growth: empirical evidence from Ukraine and other emerging economies. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 15(1), 387-400. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=741376
-
World Bank. (2022). International Debt Report 2022: Updated International Debt Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1902-5